Just smile

https://plus.google.com/+HaungToem/posts/K8228765dxX?_utm_source=1-2-2

Sani USMAN Kuka sheka, our dear colleague, we are proud of you

https://plus.google.com/+DailyTrust/posts/fnQAPM4kasW?_utm_source=1-2-2

Pfizer Trovan Victims Concerned Citizens Press Release: An appeal to NBA to wade into lawyers nasty behaviours and disrespect to leaders

In a press statement made available to some press men, the Pfizer Trovan Victims Concerned Forum (PTVCF) appealed to the Nigerian luminaries body, the NBA to wade into an observed delay tactics and disrespect to humanity employed by some Pfizer International lawyers with a view to cripple some innocent victims.
It further stated that , the situation has now became a case of disrespect to the Master's voice as the bully bull dog grown sharp lengthy teeth and a strong body big enough to block the throwing a way the mango for the sake of peace.

TROVAN PFIZER: CONCERNED CITIZENS PETITIONED NBA OVER NASTY BEHAVIOURS OF THE PFIZER'S LEAD LAWYER THEY CONSIDERED A COG IN THE WHEEL

Pfizer to pay $400 million to avert investor class action trial | Reuters

www.reuters.com › article › pfizer-classa...

Pfizer Inc said onTuesday it agreed to pay $400 million to avert a trial in ... Markets | Tue Jan 27, 2015 2:47pm EST.

Pfizer: Corporate Rap Sheet | Corporate Research Project

www.corp-research.org › pfizer

Then, in 2015, Pfizer announced a $160 billion deal to merge with Allergan and move its headquarters ... In the area of product safety, Pfizer's biggest scandalinvolved defective heart valves sold by its ...

The Pfizer–Allergan Merger Is a Disgrace - The New Yorker

www.newyorker.com › john-cassidy › th...

November 23, 2015 ... In merging with Allergan, which is based in Dublin, Pfizerintends to move its corporate .... which has already suffered in recent years, following a big marketing scandal over the ...

Pfizer Too Big (and Slippery) to Fail - Counterpunch

www.counterpunch.org › 2015/11/25

November 25, 2015 ... Still, scandal-ridden device maker Medtronic succeeded in such a tax inversion, moving its ...

Brace yourself for the next Pfizer/Allergan marketing scandalMedCity News

medcitynews.com › 2015/12 › brace-you...

Dec 4, 2015 at 2:24 PM. Pfizer world headquarters in Manhattan on May 5, 2014 (Photo by Spencer Platt/Getty Images).

Prof Osinbajo Documentary (Video) - An Eye Opener - Politics (3) - Nigeria ...

www.nairaland.com › prof-osinbajo-doc...

Mar 26, 2015 - 16 posts - ‎10 authors

It says Pfizer pharmaceuticals dosed about 100 children with a particular drug for the ... Re: Prof Osinbajo Documentary (Video) - An Eye Opener by funstufz: 10: 24pm On Mar 25, 2015.

Pfizer pays out to Nigerian families of meningitis drug trial victims | World ...

www.theguardian.com › World › Nigeria

Aug 12, 2011 - Pfizer pays compensation to families of four children after 15-year legal battle over controversial drug trial in ... Tiger temple scandal exposes the shadowy billion-dollar Asian trade ...

Pfizer - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

https://en.wikipedia.org › wiki › Pfizer

Pfizer Inc. /ˈfaɪzər/ is an American global pharmaceutical corporation ..... In February 2015, Pfizer and Hospira agreed that Pfizer would acquire Hospira for $15.2 billion, a deal in which Hospira ...

The 3 Worst Biotech Scandals of 2015! - Labiotech.eu

labiotech.eu › 3-worst-biotech-scandals-2...

Dec 29, 2015 - 2015 was tarnished by scandals that will certainly stay in minds for a ... pfizer allergan scandal biotech.

Pfizer: The Drug Giant That Makes Bank from Drugs That Can Kill ...

www.alternet.org › story › pfizer:_the_dr...

Jul 9, 2010 - To say that Pfizer has been accused of wrongdoing is like saying BP had an oil spill. ... 12 Things You Should Know About Ken Starr's Baylor Rape Scandal. Personal Health ...

Related searches

scandal 2015 live video

celebrity scandals 2015

scandal movie

scandal season 4

american scandal

pinoy scandal 15yrs old

youtube scandal

beeg com 16 year scandal

Next

Terms

Pfizer admits bribery in Nigeria and many countries across the globe

http://www.corpwatch.org/article.php?id=15765

Pfizer fine in Russia for corruption and criminal acts

http://www.themoscowtimes.com/mobile/business/article/pfizer-to-pay-60m-for-corruption-violations-in-russia/466364.html

PFIZER ADMITS BRIBERY AND SCANDALS

Pfizer Agrees to Settle Foreign Bribery Case With U.S. - Bloomberg

www.bloomberg.com › news › articles

Aug 7, 2012 - Today’s settlements stem from payments and gifts Pfizer said its foreign units made to government-employed doctors and workers in eastern Europe, China and the Middle East, according to the filings. ... The Justice Department charged the Pfizer HCP Corp. unit with two criminal ...

Pfizer Settles Bribery Case - WSJ

www.wsj.com › articles

Aug 7, 2012 - Pfizer Settles Federal Bribery Investigation. Drug Maker Will Pay $60.2 Million to Resolve U.S. Allegations That It Used Illegal Payoffs to Win Business Overseas. ... The world's leading drug maker by sales, Pfizer was accused of bribing doctors, hospital administrators and regulators ...

Pfizer settles foreign bribery case with U.S. government | Reuters

www.reuters.com › article › us-pfizer-sett...

Aug 7, 2012 - Pfizer Inc has agreed to pay $60.2 million to settle a U.S. government probe of the drugmaker's use of ...

SEC.gov | SEC Charges Pfizer with FCPA Violations

https://www.sec.gov › Detail › PressRelease

Aug 7, 2012 - “Pfizer subsidiaries in several countries had bribery so entwined in their sales ... by making cash payments or in some cases providing BlackBerrys and cell phones or travel incentives.

Pfizer agrees to pay $60M to settle foreign bribery case - The Washington ...

https://www.washingtonpost.com › 2012/...

Aug 7, 2012 - Pfizer Inc. agreed Tuesday to pay $60 million to settle charges alleging that some of its foreign ...

Pfizer to Pay $60M for Corruption Violations in Russia | Business | The ...

www.themoscowtimes.com › article › pfi...

Aug 10, 2012 - Pharmaceuticals giant Pfizer will pay a fine of $60 million in ... fall foul of the FCPA, which makes bribery in a foreign country ... theoretically charges were possible in the case of Pfizer.

Pfizer Settles U.S. Charges of Overseas Bribery - The New York Times

www.nytimes.com › 2012/08/08 › business

Aug 7, 2012 - “Pfizer subsidiaries in several countries had bribery so entwined in their sales culture that ... In the case of Wyeth, subsidiaries in China, Indonesia and Pakistan made cash payments ...

CorpWatch : Pfizer Admits Bribery in Eight Countries

www.corpwatch.org › ... › Pharmaceuticals

Aug 8, 2012 - Pharmaceutical giant Pfizer has agreed to pay a total of ... PfizerAdmits Bribery in Eight Countries ... based on the damage assessed in eachcase (typically a multiple of the damages).

Pfizer pays $60m to US government to settle charges - BBC News

www.bbc.co.uk › business-19171566

Aug 7, 2012 - "Pfizer subsidiaries in several countries had bribery so entwined in their sales culture that they offered ...

Pfizer Admits To Bribing Foreign Officials - Business Insider

www.businessinsider.com › pfizer-admits...

Aug 7, 2012 - A Pfizer Inc. subsidiary admitted to bribing officials in Bulgaria, Croatia, Kazakhstan, and Russia in an ...

Related searches

pfizer corruption case

pfizer scandal 2012

jmm bribery case

pfizer corruption

pfizer scandal

fcpa

Next

Terms

Pfizer: They saw, they conquered, they mutilated and run a way

http://articles.mercola.com/sites/articles/archive/2011/01/18/pfizer-accused-of-massive-corruption-in-killing-african-children.aspx

Pfizer; A Company Bedeviled By Bribery and Scandals

http://money.cnn.com/2012/08/07/news/companies/pfizer-bribery-charges/

CHIEF ANTHONY IDIGBE VS PFIZER'S NIGERIAN SCANDAL

http://businessethicscases.blogspot.com.ng/2013/02/nigeria-pfizer-scandal-1996.html?m=1

PFIZER: WHERE TRIALS AND BUSINESS ETHICS ARE THROWN TO THE DOGS

Pfizer: Corporate Rap Sheet | Corporate Research Project

www.corp-research.org › pfizer

Also on Pfizer's list of scandals are a 2012 bribery settlement; massive tax avoidance; and lawsuits alleging that during ...

Business Ethics Case Analyses: Pfizer's Illegal Testing on Nigerian Children Scandal (1996)

businessethicscases.blogspot.com › nigeri...

Feb 17, 2013 - Pfizer's Illegal Testing on Nigerian Children Scandal (1996) .... Samsung Illegal Labor Practices, 2012.

Pfizer Agrees to Settle Foreign Bribery Case With U.S. - Bloomberg

www.bloomberg.com › 2012-08-07 › pf...

Aug 7, 2012 - Pfizer Inc., the world's biggest drugmaker, agreed to pay $60.2 ... August 7, 2012 — 1:10 PM PDT.

Pfizer: Largest Drug Manufacturer's History, Products & Lawsuits - ...

https://www.drugwatch.com › pfizer

Amid all of its success, Pfizer faced a growing number of scandals involving some of its most popular drugs. In the 21st ...

[PDF]CSR in Global Health: Pfizer & the Meningitis Experiment in Nigeria - Interdisciplinary Journal Of Research In Business

www.idjrb.com › articlepdf › article265

by S Evuleocha - ‎Related articles

6, (pp.46- 55) | 2012. 46 ... case study of Pfizer's drug experiment in Nigeria, the paper 1) discusses the details behind the events that took ..... Recent scandalsin corporate financial accounting may.

Pfizer settles foreign bribery charges - Aug. 7, 2012 - CNN Money

money.cnn.com › news › companies › pf...

Aug 7, 2012 - Pharmaceutical giant Pfizer will pay $60 million to settle charges that it paid millions in bribes to ...

Nigeria Pfizer Scandal - Worldpress.org | KABIR SAIDU FUNTUA

pfizerdugvictims.blogspot.com › 2012/02

Nigeria Pfizer Scandal - Worldpress.org. Nigeria Pfizer Scandal ... Posted 3rd February 2012 by kabir saidu funtua. 0 ...

Abdullahi v. Pfizer, Inc. - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

https://en.wikipedia.org › wiki › Abdulla...

The Kano trovafloxacin trial litigation arose out of a clinical trial ..... Medical experimentation in Africa · The Constant Gardener, a book (and film) inspired by the scandal; Teva ... Fourth Estate, 2012, pp.

Pfizer Pays $2.3 Billion to Settle Marketing Case - The New York Times

www.nytimes.com › 2009/09/03 › business

Sep 2, 2009 - WASHINGTON — The pharmaceutical giant Pfizer agreed to pay $2.3 billion to settle civil and criminal ...

Pfizer pays out to Nigerian families of meningitis drug trial victims | World ...

www.theguardian.com › World › Nigeria

Aug 12, 2011 - Pfizer pays compensation to families of four children after 15-year legal battle over controversial drug ...

AJ Ramos & Abby Video‎

Adwww.centertechnews.com/‎

AJ Ramos and Abby Santiaguel Trending Part 1 & 2 Viral Video

Related searches

pfizer bribery case

pfizer corruption case

pfizer settles federal bribery investigation

najib submarine scandal 2012

miley cyrus scandal 2012

cast of scandal 2012

rihanna scandal 2012

pope scandal 2012

Next

Terms

A compendium of Pfizer's Trovan Victims cases in Kano Nigeria

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdullahi_v._Pfizer,_Inc.

Pfizer: Judicial fine seeker

http://mobile.nytimes.com/2009/09/03/business/03health.html?_r=0&referer=http://www.google.com.ng/

Pfizer's Bad Medicines: Be were of human hunters for blood sake

http://m.huffpost.com/us/entry/8648052

IN NIGERIA CHIEF ANTHONY IDIGBE HANDLES PFIZER'S TROVAN CASE WHILE STILL PFIZER SMILES TO BANKS ON KILLER DRUGS

Jump to Navigation SEARCH Search form Search ◀ NEWS & POLITICS Pfizer: The Drug Giant That Makes Bank from Drugs That Can Kill You To say that Pfizer has been accused of wrongdoing is like saying BP had an oil spill. By Martha Rosenberg / AlterNet July 9, 2010 Print 64 COMMENTS The drug company Pfizer is best known for Lipitor, a drug that brings cholesterol down and Viagra, a drug that brings other things up. But the "world's largest research-based pharmaceutical company" which sits between Goldman Sachs and Marathon Oil on the Fortune 500, is also closely associated with a seemingly never-ending series of scandals. To say Pfizer's been accused of wrongdoing is like saying BP had an oil spill. Other drug companies have a portfolio of products, Pfizer has a portfolio of scandals including, but not limited to, Chantix, Lipitor, Viagra, Geodon, Trovan, Bextra, Celebrex, Lyrica, Zoloft, Halcion and drugs for osteoarthritis, Parkinson's disease, kidney transplants and leukemia. During one week in June Pfizer 1) agreed to pull its 10-year-old leukemia drug Mylotarg from the market because it caused more, not less patient deaths 2) Suspended pediatric trials of Geodon two months after the FDA said children were being overdosed 3) Suspended trials of tanezumab, an osteoarthritis pain drug, because patients got worse not better, some needing joint replacements (pattern, anyone?) 4) Was investigated by the House for off-label marketing of kidney transplant drug Rapamune and targeting African-Americans 5) Saw a researcher who helped established its Bextra, Celebrex and Lyrica as effective pain meds, Scott S Reuben, MD, trotted off to prison for research fraud 6) was sued by Blue Cross Blue Shield to recoup money it overpaid for Bextra and other drugs 7) received a letter from Sen. Charles Grassley (R-Iowa) requesting its whistleblower policy and 8) had its appeal to end lawsuits by Nigerian families who accuse it of illegal trials of the antibiotic Trovan in which 11 children died, rejected by the Supreme Court. And how was your week? Nor does Pfizer back down when faced with legal troubles. Even as it was under the probation of a 5-year Corporate Integrity Agreement (CIA) with Health and Human Services for withholding $20 million in Lipitor rebates owed to Medicaid in 2002, it off-label marketed its seizure drug Neurontin and entered into another CIA in 2004. Worse, it bought Warner-Lambert in 2000, which made Neurontin, knowing the drug's marketing practices were under criminal investigation. (And knowing its Rezulin had been withdrawn.) And even as it entered into its 2004 CIA for Neurontin, it was off-label marketing the seizure drug Lyrica, called Son of Neurontin, and three other meds, and had to enter into a third CIA, last year's $2.3 billion Bextra settlement which was the largest health care fraud settlement in US history. The same day the settlement news broke, Pfizer announced it bought the drug giant Wyeth despite its thicket of Fen-Phen heart valve suits and Prempro cancer suits. And there was more "bring 'em on" chutzpah. After Vioxx and Pfizer's Bextra were withdrawn from the market for cardiovascular risks, Pfizer sought FDA approval for its Celebrex, the last legal COX-2 inhibitor, also suspected of cardiovascular risks, for use in children as young as two. And in June, days before Pfizer suspended development of the osteoarthritis drug tanezumab for worsening joints, it touted the drug as "well-tolerated." As a company, Pfizer, based in New York City with research headquarters in Groton, CT, looks better from the outside than the inside. Its Pac-Man like acquisition of drug companies, Warner-Lambert, Pharmacia (Searle, Upjohn), SUGEN, Vicuron, Rinat and Wyeth (also creating the world's biggest animal drug company) has created a silo structure in which the company's 90,000 employees in 90 countries feel unconnected to a corporate heartbeat. Loyalty is rare as employees in absorbed companies bought for their products alone fear getting pfired and 14,000 scientists bemoan that the company's biggies like Lipitor, Celebrex, Neurontin, Zithromax, Zyrtec and now Wyeth's Prempro weren't created inhouse. Despite flying doctors to Caribbean resorts to attend drug pitches (by other paid doctors) and bestowing four figure honorariums on them, and Enron moments like a Bextra sales extravaganza with acrobats, dancers and gigantic "fist" logo, Pfizer's Midtown Manhattan offices consist of unimpressive cubes. After becoming the world's biggest drug company in 2000, Henry A. McKinnell, former Pfizer CEO and a Bushmate (replaced by less conservative Jeffrey B. Kindler) vowed to make Pfizer the "the world's most valued company to patients, to customers, to business partners, to colleagues, and to communities where we work and live." But thanks to the parade of damaging safety and ethics scandals, Esprit de corps is lacking except in some sales units. "Pfizer is a black hole," Peter Rost, MD, author of The Whistleblower: Confessions of a Healthcare Hitman and probably Pfizer's most famous former employee told AlterNet. "It is nothing but a maze of cobbled together drug companies that aggressively markets drugs it didn't create in a military-like command structure." Still, Pfizer's vast product line, its $50 billion a year revenues -- exceeding some states' entire budgets -- and reputation for having the best trained sales reps make it the team to beat for competing salesmen and examples of Pfizer envy dot Cafepharma, the drug industry chatroom considered pharma's washroom wall. "Glad they did it," wrote a poster about last year's Department of Justice (DOJ) Bextra settlement. "Pfizer is only sticking it to the American person when they perpitrate a fruad (sic) of this magnitude. The rest of you who sat by and said nothing are no better than a bunch of crooks. My father always said, 'you lie, you cheat, you steal; you can't do one without doing them all'. You must be so proud...I would take that name badge off when I walk into an office if I were you." "If you think that Pfizer is the only drug company that has dealt with off-label promotion issues you are sadley (sic) mistaken," perpitrated the next poster. "You are so right. All the other companies are doing it, so we did too. Waaah, waaah, waaaaah! (stomping my foot). It's not fair! It made us so much money! Patients don't matter, money does," wrote the next poster. Characterizations about wives and mothers followed. Patients also resent Pfizer and have sued over Chantix, Lipitor, Celebrex, Bextra, Neurontin, Lyrica, Viagra, Zoloft and other drugs. Pfizer downplayed Lipitor's "serious and irreversible side effects" says Mark Jay Krum, an attorney representing plaintiffs in a class-action suit, and "is willing to promote the drug at any cost." Say that. Even the DOJ calls Pfizer incorrigible. "...illegal conduct was pervasive throughout the company and stemmed from messages created at high levels within the national marketing team," it wrote in the Bextra sentencing memo. "Employees, including district managers, explained that they did not question their supervisors about the illegal conduct that they were being instructed to carry out, because to do so would be considered a 'CLM' or 'Career Limiting Move.'" Still the FDA needs to take some blame for waving iffy Pfizer drugs through, especially under the 1992 Prescription Drug User Fee Act (PDUFA) in which drug companies "buy" accelerated approvals. Why did the FDA allow Pfizer to make money for ten years on the leukemia drug Mylotarg, which was given an accelerated approval, and allow people to take it as guinea pigs for ten years while "confirmatory" studies establishing its safety and efficacy were still outstanding? Patients who took Mylotarg while on chemotherapy had more deaths than those just on chemotherapy in a clear example of the lethal metrics of rushed through drugs. Why was Pfizer's pain drug tanezumab, an injected monoclonal antibody made from bio-engineered immune cells, even considered for knee pain except for the profits in such Frakendrugs? Why was Pfizer allowed to continue clinical trials on children, or anyone, after the FDA found Geodon overdoses in April -- and why is Geodon, rejected once by the FDA and promoted by Richard Borison MD who is in Hancock State Prison for research fraud -- hello -- on the market? Obama appointees Commissioner Margaret Hamburg, MD and principal deputy commissioner Joshua Sharfstein, MD come from public health backgrounds but it will be hard to turn the FDA ship around. And speaking of dangerous drugs, what's up with Pfizer's anti-smoking drug Chantix? In 2007, Texas musician Carter Albrecht, who played with Sorta and Edie Brickell & New Bohemians, became a poster boy for Chantix' unpredictable mental effects when he was fatally shot trying to kick in a neighbor's door. In 2008, with 988 adverse effects reported including seizures, heart trouble and suicides, the FDA banned airline pilots and air traffic controllers from taking it. Thanks for that. Last year it gave Chantix a black box warning to "highlight the risk of serious mental health events including changes in behavior, depressed mood, hostility, and suicidal thoughts when taking these drugs." Most pharma watchers agree that financial penalties, including last year's $2.3 billion Bextra settlement, won't upend Pfizer whose one year budget for R & D alone is in the billions. Yet the DOJ repeatedly lets Pfizer pawn off guilty pleas to the False Claims Act (which include a ban on Medicare, Medicaid and VA eligibility) on its shell companies and keep doing business with the government. Why? "Pfizer is the largest drug company in the world and if you include its generics unit it makes literally hundreds of different drugs. Getting tough would mean no Lipitor, no Viagra, no Bacitracin, no Cipro, no Zithromax, no Sutent, et cetera," says Jim Edwards, a pharmaceutical reporter on Bnet and former managing editor of Adweek. "The government is not really in a position to be cutting itself off from all that medicine." "So many Medicaid, Medicare and VA drugs come from Pfizer, the government would never convict them," agrees Peter Rost. "It would stop the drug flow." And then there's lobby power. Just as former Louisiana Republican representative Billy Tauzin left the House Committee on Energy and Commerce which oversees the drug industry and resurfaced as head of PhRMA, Pfizer recently hired Gregory Simon who served on Obama's transition team and as chief domestic policy advisor to Vice President Gore to head its "global policy effort." Its senior corporate counsel until 2008, Arnold Friede, had an FDA background and Pfizer's former senior vice president for worldwide public affairs, Richard Bagger, has re-emerged as New Jersey Governor Christopher Christie's chief of staff. Hey, you guys look familiar! Even the Bextra settlement arouses cynicism since $102 million of it went to a doctor and five former Pfizer reps who served as whistleblowers on the case, one getting $51 million. Isn't making big money off pharma how the trouble started? Martha Rosenberg frequently writes about the impact of the pharmaceutical, food and gun industries on public health. Her work has appeared in the Boston Globe, San Francisco Chronicle, Chicago Tribune and other outlets. SHARE ON FACEBOOK SHARE ON TWITTER REPORT TYPOS AND CORRECTIONS TO 'CORRECTIONS@ALTERNET.ORG'. 64 COMMENTS TODAY'S TOP STORIES Muhammad Ali: An American Muslim 12 Things You Should Know About Ken Starr's Baylor Rape Scandal Busted: Trump Is Taking Ideas Directly From America's Most Famous Right-Wing Crackpot Alex Jones Almost Everything America Calls a Breakfast Staple Is Corporate Myth America's Homegrown Domestic Extremists Pose a Greater Danger Than ISIS Ever Will The GOP’s Women Problem: Report Shows the Party of Trump Is Struggling to Elect Women to Congress Sanders Explains Why He Keeps Going and May Just Win California on Tuesday Could a ‘Sex Pass’ Save Your Relationship? Robert Reich: Hillary Needs to Win Over Bernie’s Voters Because Trump Is a ‘Menace to Society’ Why Ed Snowden Can't Get a Fair Trial in Our National Security State In Nine Democratic Debates, Not a Single Question About Poverty Can Donald Trump Beat Hillary Clinton? Vote Here. 3 Signs Your Blood Sugar Is Killing You. Are You at Risk? 5 Signs Cancer Is Starting Inside Your Body Natural Secret Weapon Helps Keep Your Prostate Normal-Sized Powered by Newsmax. Best of the week MOST READ This U.S. City Is a Sustainable Utopia—Here's What They Have Accomplished & Where They Are Headed I Had to Leave the U.S. to Stop Pretending to Be an Extrovert It Took 40 Years and Millions of Lives Destroyed for Elites to Admit That Neoliberalism Has Failed What You Need to Earn to Afford a Two-Bedroom Apartment in 10 Major Cities Testimonials for Fraudulent Trump University Are—You Guessed It—Scams Themselves AlterNet Comics: Matt Bors on the Evolution of Democratic Voters in 2016 Why Millennials Love Bernie Sanders: This Is What Trump, Hillary—and Chris Matthews—Don’t Understand About How Politics Has Changed 12 Things You Should Know About Ken Starr's Baylor Rape Scandal Sanders Explains Why He Keeps Going and May Just Win California on Tuesday These 7 Ridiculous Snake Oil Products Prove Americans Will Buy Anything—Including Donald Trump FARK HEADLINES ALTERNET ORIGINALS Muhammad Ali: An American Muslim 5 Right-Wing Doozies this Week: Katrina Pierson's Insane Defense of Her Boss Trump Watch: Neil deGrasse Tyson Nails Trump Voters for Being Impervious to Truth [ X ] Like Alternet on Facebook OUR MISSION WHO WE ARE ABOUT IMI FOUNDATION SUPPORT PRESS INFORMATION WRITER GUIDELINES PRIVACY POLICY ADVERTISE ON ALTERNET CONTACT US DONATE LOGIN

In Nigeria, Concerned Citizens Forum petitions NBA on Chief Anthony Idigbe's tribalism tendencies while

THE GIANT PFIZER FULL OF:
Fraud Charges and Litigations

Amid all of its success, Pfizer faced a growing number of scandals involving some of its most popular drugs. In the 21st century, Pfizer has agreed to multiple settlements over charges of illegal marketing. Bextra was at the center of one of the cases, costing the company $2.3 billion to settle civil and criminal allegations and setting a record at the time for the largest health care fraud settlement and the largest criminal fine of any kind.

Although Bextra was only approved for arthritis and menstrual cramps, sales representatives reportedly were instructed by Pfizer to tell doctors it could be used for unapproved indications, like acute and surgical pain, and that it could be taken in high doses. However, the drug came with serious heart and skin risks, which caused Pfizer to withdraw it in 2005 and face a criminal investigation for misbranding the drug.

Other drugs associated with illegal marketing charges include Geodon, an antipsychotic, Zyvox, an antibiotic, Lyrica, a drug for nerve pain, Nuerontin, an epilepsy drug, Detrol, used for treatment of overactive bladder and Lipitor.

In 2002, Pfizer paid a $49 million fine based on claims that it defrauded the Medicaid program and overcharged consumers for Lipitor. Other settlements varied in size – the Nuerontin settlement in 2004 cost $430 million, and Detrol in 2011 cost $14.5 million – but they all cast a looming shadow over the company’s integrity.

Pfizer continues to face legal difficulties. In 2012, it paid $164 million to settle a lawsuit that claimed it misled investors about the clinical results of Celebrex, used to treat arthritis. A month after that case was finalized, Pfizer settled a class-action lawsuit concerning investors who were misled about the risks associated with the antidepressant drug Pristiq. The Pristiq case cost the company $67.5 million.

Dangerous Drugs and Litigation

On top of illegal marketing charges, Pfizer faces litigation as a result of claims that many of its drugs are dangerous. For more than a decade, people harmed by drugs manufactured by Pfizer claim the company was negligent in its design and production, failed to warn of risks and failed to adequately monitor and report the safety of the drugs once they reached the market.

Antidepressants

Antidepressant sales account for a large portion of Pfizer’s success during the last two decades. However, two antidepressants sold by the company, Effexor andZoloft, carry a low risk of serious birth defects if taken during pregnancy. A growing number of families have sued Pfizer after having a child who suffered.

Effexor

Wyeth, one of the many companies that Pfizer acquired, began marketing Effexor, the first serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) antidepressant, in 1993. By 2007, the drug had been prescribed to more than 17.2 million people, becoming the sixth most prescribed antidepressant in the United States that year.

But studies linked Effexor to serious side effects, especially for women taking the drug while pregnant. Studies indicated antidepressants like SNRIs and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) can increase the risk of birth defects like respiratory distress, anencephaly, craniosynostosis, heart defects, omphalocele, cleft lip and cleft palate in rare cases.

Zoloft

Pfizer was the creator of another blockbuster antidepressant, an SSRI called Zoloft (sertraline chloride). The FDA approved Zoloft in 1991. By 2002, the drug was the most popular antidepressant nationwide, bringing Pfizer nearly $2.9 billion that year. It lost patent protection in 2006.

Unfortunately, Zoloft also can cause birth defects, including persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN), facial malformation and anencephaly, which impedes brain and skull development. Pfizer also faces lawsuits over Zoloft. Hundreds of people have filed claims against the company for the drug’s serious adverse effects.

Did you or your child suffer unexpected side effects from Pfizer’s Zoloft?

GET HELP NOW

Geodon

Pfizer’s antipsychotic Geodon (ziprasidone) is used to treat schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, but the sales of the drug struggled against competitors, reaching just $150 million in 2001. In response, Pfizer promoted the drug off-label and sales grew to more than $1 billion in 2008. Pfizer later paid a $2.3 billion fine for illegally marketing Geodon and other drugs.

Illegal marketing isn’t the only problem Pfizer faced with Geodon. A 2015 study linked the drug to a potentially fatal skin reaction. The FDA announced a warning that Geodon could cause a fatal skin condition called Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS). The reaction can cause lymph nodes to swell, fevers and organ damage.

Zithromax

Zithromax, one of the most commonly prescribed antibiotics in the world, is linked to very serious side effects. A 2012 study found that patients taking Pfizer’s popular antibiotic had a higher risk of cardiovascular death than patients taking other antibiotics or none at all.

Although the risk for most patients was found to be very low, the high rates of death found in Zithromax users with previous heart conditions was concerning enough for the FDA to issue a warning about the drug in March 2013. Lawsuits were expected to follow.

Depo-Testosterone

The FDA approved testosterone replacement therapies to treat men with low testosterone because of a medical condition, but many men use testosterone supplements for non-approved uses. Pfizer and its subsidiary Pharmacia & Upjohn Co. have a product in the multi-billion dollar testosterone market called Depo-Testosterone.

Depo-Testosterone is a liquid that is injected into muscle. But testosterone supplements have been linked to cardiovascular issues like heart attacks and strokes, and the FDA ordered manufacturers to add information on the increased risk to warning labels in March 2015.

People who were harmed while taking testosterone filed lawsuits against Pfizer, Pharmacia & Upjohn Co. and other companies claiming the drugs caused heart-related problems. Testosterone lawsuits were consolidated in U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Illinois, a multidistrict litigation court. The first trials are set to begin in 2016.

Lipitor

Pfizer is also facing lawsuits over its blockbuster drug Lipitor, which has been linked to serious side effects, including type 2 diabetes and complications of the muscles, liver and kidneys. The first bellwether cases are scheduled to begin in November 2015. More than 2,000 cases are pending in multidistrict litigation.

Eliquis

Pfizer partnered with Bristol-Myers Squibb to develop a new anticoagulant (blood thinner) called Eliquis to give patients an alternative to warfarin. Blood thinners are used to reduce the risk of stroke in people at risk for developing blood clots. Warfarin was the most commonly prescribed blood thinner for decades, but it requires lengthy patient monitoring.

Pfizer and Bristol-Myers lost the race for new blood-thinner approval to rival companies after the FDA delayed its approval as a result of sloppy clinical trials. Bristol-Myers conducted studies to prove the efficacy of Eliquis in China, but an alleged cover-up, missing data and a controversial publication resulted in Eliquis being the last new blood thinner to receive FDA approval.

Pfizer and Bristol-Myers claim the drug is one of the safest on the market, but the families of some patients who took the drug say it can cause uncontrollable bleeding and even death. The first lawsuit against Pfizer and Bristol-Myers claiming Eliquis caused the death of a man was filed in July of 2015 and more lawsuits are expected.

Pfizer’s Future

Pfizer is seeking to recover from losses from the patent expiration of Lipitor. The company hopes to compensate by acquiring smaller drug companies already in the process of producing what could be the next blockbuster drug.

Despite litigation resulting from some of its drugs, Pfizer continues to dominate the pharmaceutical industry. It continues to earn billions off of its primary care drugs like Lyrica, for pain, and Celebrex, for arthritis. Sales of Eliquis more than quadrupled from 2013 ($146 million) to 2014 ($774 million), and Pfizer hopes it will continue to grow in coming years.

 Share Tweet Share

Last modified: May 26, 2016

Page Sources 

Grover, N. (2014, December 11). FDA warns Pfizer's antipsychotic could cause fatal skin reaction. Retrieved from http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/12/11/pfizer-fda-antipsychotic-idUSL3N0TV4MH20141211U.S. National Library of Medicine. (2014). DEPO-TESTOSTERONE- testosterone cypionate injection, solution. DailyMed. Retrieved from http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=cfbb53d4-b868-4a28-8436-f9112eb01c39&U.S. District Court Northern District of Illinois. (2015). MDL 2545 In re Testosterone Replacement Therapy Products Liability Litigation. Retrieved from: http://www.ilnd.uscourts.gov/mdl/kennelly/mdl-detail.aspxPfizer. (2012, December 21). Pfizer Inc: Evolving to meet the needs of a changing society. Retrieved from http://www.pfizer.com/about/history/historyStevens, S. (2012 December 21). Pfizer to pay $1M to Oregon for violating earlier settlement. Portland Business Journal. Retrieved from http://www.bizjournals.com/portland/morning_call/2012/12/pfizer-to-pay-1m-to-oregon-for-mislea.htmlPfizer. (2012 March 12). 2011 Financial Report. Retrieved from http://www.pfizer.com/files/annualreport/2011/financial/financial2011.pdfCNN Money. (2011 July 25). Global 500. Retrieved from http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/global500/2011/snapshots/324.htmlReuters. (2012 December 26). Pfizer Inc. Retrieved from http://www.reuters.com/finance/stocks/companyProfile?symbol=PFE.NThe New York Times. (2012 August 8). Pfizer Inc. Retrieved from http://topics.nytimes.com/top/news/business/companies/pfizer_inc/index.htmlLoftus, P. (2012 November 30). Pfizer to Shrink US Sales Force, Cites 'Future Needs' of Business. Nasdaq. Retrieved from http://www.nasdaq.com/news/Armstrong, D. (2012 December 18). Pfizer Said to Fire 20% of U.S. Primary-Care Sales Force. Bloomberg. Retrieved from http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-12-18/pfizer-to-fire-about-20-percent-of-u-s-primary-care-sales-force.htmlHarris, G. (2009, September 2). Pfizer pays $2.3 billion to settle marketing case. The New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2009/09/03/business/03health.html?_r=0

DRUG ALERTS 

Pfizer's Trovan, Chief Anthony Idigbe, the Pfizer's father seems enjoying obstacles to the masses payments

TROVAN'S DEBACLE: CHIEF ANTHONY IDIGBE, THE FATHER OF PFIZER SEEMS TO ENJOY BLOCKING THE MASSES PAYMENTS

Pfizer Scandal

Sarah Coleman
World Press Review associate editor

In John le Carré’s most recent novel, The Constant Gardener, an unscrupulous multinational drug company goes to murderous lengths in Kenya to ensure its profitability. Following a recent scandal in Nigeria involving the drug company Pfizer, many in that country believe that Le Carré’s dark vision may not be far from the truth.

Allegations against Pfizer first surfaced in December 2000, when The Washington Post broke a story about the company’s use of the experimental drug trovafloxacin (commonly called Trovan) to treat a 1996 meningitis outbreak in Nigeria’s Kano district. At issue was the company’s possible breach of global ethical guidelines on pharmaceutical trials. Pfizer, which hoped that Trovan would become a multibillion-dollar brand, had been waiting for an opportunity to test the drug on children suffering from cerebrospinal meningitis (CSM). Since meningitis epidemics occur very infrequently in the United States, the 1996 Nigerian epidemic presented a rare opportunity for a trial.

Due to the nature of the epidemic, however, Pfizer’s trial was set up hastily in conditions where parents of meningitis-infected children were panicking. Some of these parents have claimed that they did not know they were submitting their children to a trial of an experimental drug and were not told Trovan had never been tested on children. Of the 200 children who participated in the trial, five of those given Trovan died and many others were left with disabilities.

Pfizer was quick to defend itself, stating in a Dec. 17 press release that “the Nigerian trovafloxacin trial was an important clinical investigation, and Pfizer is proud of the way the trial was conducted.” But the company’s statement did little to quell growing anger in Nigeria, where commentators decried the drug company’s arrogance and its use of Nigerians as “guinea pigs.”

On Jan. 4, an editorial in the independent Guardian of Lagos proposed that “the drug manufacturer’s statement that its test was conducted ‘in accordance with good medical practice and ethical norms’ is not convincing” and that “Pfizer has to do much more to prove that its hands are not stained with the blood of innocent Nigerian children.” The independentVanguard Daily of Lagos agreed, saying that Pfizer’s claim that it was acting on humanitarian grounds was “coating a lie in a glossy, believable color.” (Jan. 10).

In addition to blaming Pfizer, many commentators lamented what they saw as a corrupt Nigerian administration that had rubber-stamped the trial without due diligence. “The propensity for corrupt practices on the part of a few venal Nigerians has apparently permitted our people to be used as a laboratory for the unregulated testing of a new drug with obviously bad consequences thereof,” read a Feb. 8 editorial in Lagos’s independent weekly Tempo.

Meanwhile, the residents of Kano have been left with a legacy of fear. The News, a weekly magazine from Lagos, reported on Jan. 29 that people in the district are refusing new immunizations for CSM, cholera, and measles. “The bature (white men) will kill us again if we allow them to give us...tablets and injections,” they told the magazine.

CHIEF ANTHONY IDIGBE : THE PFIZER'S LION AND ELEPHANT IN NIGERIA

Search Africa E-mail Print More Sharing ServicesShareShare on facebookShare on twitter Write to the editor From the April 2001 issue of World Press Review (VOL. 48, No. 4) Nigeria Pfizer Scandal Sarah Coleman World Press Review associate editor In John le Carré’s most recent novel, The Constant Gardener, an unscrupulous multinational drug company goes to murderous lengths in Kenya to ensure its profitability. Following a recent scandal in Nigeria involving the drug company Pfizer, many in that country believe that Le Carré’s dark vision may not be far from the truth. Allegations against Pfizer first surfaced in December 2000, when The Washington Post broke a story about the company’s use of the experimental drug trovafloxacin (commonly called Trovan) to treat a 1996 meningitis outbreak in Nigeria’s Kano district. At issue was the company’s possible breach of global ethical guidelines on pharmaceutical trials. Pfizer, which hoped that Trovan would become a multibillion-dollar brand, had been waiting for an opportunity to test the drug on children suffering from cerebrospinal meningitis (CSM). Since meningitis epidemics occur very infrequently in the United States, the 1996 Nigerian epidemic presented a rare opportunity for a trial. Due to the nature of the epidemic, however, Pfizer’s trial was set up hastily in conditions where parents of meningitis-infected children were panicking. Some of these parents have claimed that they did not know they were submitting their children to a trial of an experimental drug and were not told Trovan had never been tested on children. Of the 200 children who participated in the trial, five of those given Trovan died and many others were left with disabilities. Pfizer was quick to defend itself, stating in a Dec. 17 press release that “the Nigerian trovafloxacin trial was an important clinical investigation, and Pfizer is proud of the way the trial was conducted.” But the company’s statement did little to quell growing anger in Nigeria, where commentators decried the drug company’s arrogance and its use of Nigerians as “guinea pigs.” On Jan. 4, an editorial in the independent Guardian of Lagos proposed that “the drug manufacturer’s statement that its test was conducted ‘in accordance with good medical practice and ethical norms’ is not convincing” and that “Pfizer has to do much more to prove that its hands are not stained with the blood of innocent Nigerian children.” The independent Vanguard Daily of Lagos agreed, saying that Pfizer’s claim that it was acting on humanitarian grounds was “coating a lie in a glossy, believable color.” (Jan. 10). In addition to blaming Pfizer, many commentators lamented what they saw as a corrupt Nigerian administration that had rubber-stamped the trial without due diligence. “The propensity for corrupt practices on the part of a few venal Nigerians has apparently permitted our people to be used as a laboratory for the unregulated testing of a new drug with obviously bad consequences thereof,” read a Feb. 8 editorial in Lagos’s independent weekly Tempo. Meanwhile, the residents of Kano have been left with a legacy of fear. The News, a weekly magazine from Lagos, reported on Jan. 29 that people in the district are refusing new immunizations for CSM, cholera, and measles. “The bature (white men) will kill us again if we allow them to give us...tablets and injections,” they told the magazine. Country Profiles Nigeria Today's World Headlines Links open in new window. Syria civil war: The message from Moscow Al Jazeera, Doha, Qatar. World pays tribute to Muhammad Ali BBC News, Centrist newscaster, London, England. Trump's Republican supporters, including Paul Ryan, remain reluctant backers at best Haaretz, Liberal daily, Tel Aviv, Israel. Muhammad Ali dies at age 74 CNN International, London, England. U.S. flexes muscles as Asia worries about South China Sea row Reuters, New York, U.S. Foreman recalls charismatic foe, and friend, Ali The Daily Star, Beirut, Lebanon. More World Headlines. Web-Exclusive Alert Sign up for our indispensable World Headlines. Copyright © 1997-2016 Worldpress.org. All Rights Reserved Privacy Notice Terms & Conditions Front Page

Nigeria Pfizer Scandal - Worldpress.org

Nigeria Pfizer Scandal - Worldpress.org

Nigeria Pfizer Scandal - Worldpress.org

Nigeria Pfizer Scandal - Worldpress.org

PFIZER'S SCANDALS: CHIEF ANTHONY IDIGBE IS FULLY AWARE AND IN ROMANCE WITH THE PFIZER NIGERIAN TRIBUNAL SCANDALS

PFIZER'S SCANDALS: CHIEF ANTHONY IDIGBE IS FULLY AWARE AND IN ROMANCE WITH THE PFIZER NIGERIAN TRIBUNAL SCANDALS

Pfizer: Corporate Rap Sheet | Corporate Research Project

www.corp-research.org › pfizer

In the area of product safety, Pfizer's biggest scandal involved defective heart valves sold by its Shiley subsidiary that ...

Nigeria Pfizer Scandal - Worldpress.org

www.worldpress.org › africa

Following a recent scandal in Nigeria involving the drug company Pfizer, many in that country believe that Le Carré's ...

Pfizer: Largest Drug Manufacturer's History, Products & Lawsuits - ...

https://www.drugwatch.com › pfizer

Amid all of its success, Pfizer faced a growing number of scandals involving some of its most popular drugs. In the 21st ...

Pfizer: The Drug Giant That Makes Bank from Drugs That Can Kill ...

www.alternet.org › story › pfizer:_the_dr...

Jul 9, 2010 - Other drug companies have a portfolio of products, Pfizer has a portfolio of scandals including, but not ...

Kano Drug Test Scandal: How Pfizer blackmailed Aondoakaa, by Wikileaks ...

www.vanguardngr.com › 2010/12 › kan...

Dec 11, 2010 - US pharmaceutical giant Pfizer sought damaging information against Nigeria's former Attorney ...

Pfizer pays out to Nigerian families of meningitis drug trial victims | World ...

www.theguardian.com › World › Nigeria

Aug 12, 2011 - Pfizer pays compensation to families of four children after 15-year legal battle over controversial drug ...

Bad Medicine: Pfizer's Offshore Tax Trick Just Latest of Many Scandals - ...

www.huffingtonpost.com › frank-clemente

Nov 25, 2015 - Pfizer doesn't play pfair. The recent announcement that it would renounce its American identity and ...

Elombah - Nigerian News, Photos, Exclusive and Special Reports, Opinions, World News, Sports News and Celebrity Gossip! Daily Updated!

www.elombah.com › latest-news › 4652-...

... Buhari to Ogoniland, hails clean-up · Dud cheque scandal: Imo Radio staff plot showdown over salary arears ...

Abdullahi v. Pfizer, Inc. - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

https://en.wikipedia.org › wiki › Abdulla...

The Kano trovafloxacin trial litigation arose out of a clinical trial ..... Medical experimentation in Africa · The Constant Gardener, a book (and film) inspired by the scandal; Teva Canada Ltd. v. Pfizer ...

Pfizer Pays $2.3 Billion to Settle Marketing Case - The New York Times

www.nytimes.com › 2009/09/03 › business

Sep 2, 2009 - WASHINGTON — The pharmaceutical giant Pfizer agreed to pay $2.3 billion to settle civil and criminal ...

AJ Ramos & Abby Video‎

Adwww.centertechnews.com/‎

AJ Ramos and Abby Santiaguel Trending Part 1 & 2 Viral Video

Related searches

pfizer scandal 2012

pfizer bextra scandal

pfizer scandal 2015

pfizer lawsuit 2.3 billion

pfizer lawsuit zoloft

pfizer scandal 2009

pfizer lawsuit 2015

pfizer subsidiaries list

Next

Terms

Paw paw health benefits for Kidney

CureJoy Daily Health Tips for Alternative, Holistic and Natural Living OPEN 0 Papaya Seeds Benefits: For Gut Health, Liver And Kidney Detox February 22, 2016 9:21 AM 4 Min Read Bookmark Benefits of Papaya Seeds Most of the time when we eat Papaya fruit, we trash the Papaya Seeds. But little do we know how beneficial they are and how they can prevent and cure a plethora of ailments related to the liver, gut, intestinal worms and even diseases like Dengue. The following is a list, that illustrates papaya seeds benefits. Liver Health Papaya seeds contain vital nutrients that help heal cirrhosis of the liver. Grind or crush 5-6 Papaya Seeds and have them with food or juice, especially lime juice. This should be done for 30 days. Moreover eating small amounts of Papaya seeds regularly helps in detoxing the liver and keeps liver diseases at bay. Kidney Health Researchers at the University of Karachi have found that Papaya Seeds can be used to improve kidney health and preventing renal failure. The same works wonders for kidney poisoning related diseases. [Read: Papaya Juice: What Skin Types Can Use it And How?] Anti-inflammatory properties Papaya Seeds are anti-inflammatory making them great for alleviating arthritis, joint disease, swelling, pain, and redness. Anti-bacterial and Anti-Viral properties A small amount of Papaya Seeds has been found to kill harmful bacteria like E. coli, Staph, and Salmonella. They also help fight viral infections and cures Dengue, Typhoid, and numerous other diseases. In Nigeria, Papaya Seeds with Milk is an excellent cure for Typhoid fever. The seeds have been extensively used in Costa Rica to fight against Dengue fever. The juice from papaya leaves can help cure the same. Arresting Cancer Papaya Seeds contain agents that stop the growth of cancer cells and tumors. They contain isothiocyanate which works well for colon, breast, lung, leukemia and prostate cancer. Advertisement Destroys Parasites SPONSORED CONTENT Taking A Summer Eurotrip? There's A Travel Alert For American Tourists Powered By The Seeds of Papaya contain an alkaloid called “Carpaine” that kills intestinal worms and amoeba parasites. Whereas the Papaya Fruit helps metabolize proteins and makes the gastrointestinal tract an extremely hostile place for parasites to live and thrive. Studies have shown that children in Nigeria have got rid of parasites in their gut 75% of the times, by consuming Papaya Seed Juice for 7 days. Natural Contraceptive Papaya Seeds are excellent natural contraceptives for both men and women, without any side-effects, unlike the over-the-counter contraceptives that have numerous adverse effects on prolonged use. For centuries, both men and women in the Indian subcontinent and in parts of Southeast Asia have traditionally used the papaya fruit and its seeds as a form of birth control. [Read: Papaya: DIY Shower Cream, Oils, Vinegar and Masks] Aids Digestion Both unripe papaya and papaya seeds are high in the enzyme papain. Papain is a beneficial aid to protein digestion but best avoided for women currently or trying to get pregnant. For males, eating one teaspoon of Papaya Seeds every day for 3 months can greatly reduce sperm production without affecting libido. Moreover, this effect is temporary: when Papaya Seeds are discontinued the fertility comes back to normal. Making Papaya Juice Use 2 papaya leaves Wash and cut into smaller pieces Pound and squeeze the pulp through a filter cloth Only 2 tablespoons of juice can be squeezed out Two tablespoons per serving once a day How to Eat Papaya Seeds Papaya Seeds can be eaten raw (though that gives a strong, pepper-like but bitter taste), ground or crushed in Salad dressings, milk or honey. Conclusion The goodness of consuming Papaya Seeds are many and not limited to the above list. That being said, one should partake only small quantities of the seed and that also, not very frequently. Excessive consumption may lead to many side effects, notably pregnancy related issues. As a precaution, pregnant women should not use papaya seeds or the enzyme-rich green papaya. This warning on their use would also extend to breastfeeding. Additionally, while papaya seeds do have strong anti-parasitic properties, they may be too powerful for young children’s gastrointestinal tracts, so a doctor should be consulted before giving them to infants. Recommended Articles Is it safe to eat papaya (papita) during pregnancy? Papaya and its Healing Facts How Papaya Fruit Can Help Cure Heartburn and Indigestion? FURTHER READING #detox#nutrition#nutrition Post a Comment (362) CureJoy Editorial The CureJoy Editorial team digs up credible information from multiple sources, both academic and experiential, to stitch a holistic health perspective on topics that pique our readers' interest. Advertisement FROM AROUND THE WEB IoT Demands Innovative Applications brought to you by Oracle & Intel ® 8 Home Remedies To Make Your Face Glowing & Beautiful ApexLista The Biggest Snakes in The World and Beautiful Stories How they Survive The Biggest Birds 8 Simple Ways To Look Younger Than Your Age ApexLista These 6 Exercise Are More Effective In Shaping Your Body Than Running Health Care For Both Women, Men and Children 6 Dividend Stocks to Build Wealth After 50 The Motley Fool Burning 4000 calories a day can make you a champion Turner Broadcasting System Inc. 7 Signs That Your Partner Is Cheating On You Health Care For Both Women, Men and Children MORE FROM CUREJOY.COM What Are The Health Benefits Of Papaya And Its Seeds? 22 Things You Should Avoid To Prevent Kidney Damage. Top 10 Foods That Increase Sex Drive Side Effects of Lemon Juice You Didn't Know About Recommended by Privacy PolicyTerms Of UseDisclaimer Read Healthy Live Healthy × Get the best tips on healthy living right in your inbox. To Top

Paw paw health benefits

HOME BODY & MIND FOOD PLANTS TEA DISEASES & CURE HEALTH NEWS CONTACT CONTACT US ABOUT US Papaya - Health Benefits Print Email Papaya is one of the best fruits with a rich history and numerous health benefits.Some of this health benefits are so awesome that we write them further in this article !! Their sweet taste, vibrant color and wide variety of health benefits are just a few reasons to add them to your diet. Papaya is fortified with powerful antioxidants that help prevent a number of serious diseases. The fruit is also plentiful in essential nutrients your body needs each day. It contains dietary fiber, copper, folate, pantothenic acid, magnesium, vitamin A, vitamin C, riboflavin, and thiamin. Adding one medium sized papaya to your daily meal plan may significantly improve your health. Here are some of its best health benefits: 1. Lower cholesterol - Papayas are rich in fibre, vitamin C and antioxidants that prevent cholesterol build up in your arteries. Too much cholesterol build-up can block the arteries completely, causing a heart attack. Papaya extracts have also found to reduce lipid and triglycerides in diabetic rats. 2. Weight loss - Eating papaya won’t make you look slimmer, if you don’t stick to a healthy diet and don’t work out regularly. One medium sized papaya contains just 120 calories and 8.3 gm of sugar.. So, if you’re planning to lose weight, don’t forget to add this light fruit to your diet. Besides, it also packed with a considerable amount of dietary fibre that aids weight loss by promoting a feeling of fullness and controlling cravings You can use it in your salads, fruit pies, fruit-topped cakes, smoothies, juices, salsa, make your own papaya chips, or eat it raw (just be sure it’s ripe). 3.Prevents cancer - Due to its high antioxidant content, papaya may help to reduce your risk of developing cancer. Flavonoids and phytonutrients found in papaya keep free radicals at bay and your cells healthy. Studies show eating papaya regularly may help you prevent colon cancer and reduce prostate cancer risk. 4.Diabetes - Despite being sweet in nature, papayas are low in sugar content (8.3 gm in one cup of sliced papaya) as well as glycemic index. This property makes papayas excellent fruits for diabetics. The vitamins and phytonutrients present in them prevents development of heart disease in diabetes. Also, people who don’t have diabetes can eat papaya to prevent it from happening. 5.Skin ,hair and eyes –It is very effective for maintaining healthy hair because of it contains of vitamin A that keeps hair moisturized, smooth and shiny.Papaya is an excellent source of vitamin E, vitamin C, and beta-carotene that fight wrinkles, prevent skin damage and overall keep your skin healthy and young. It is also good for your eyes because of the existence of Vitamin A and flavonoids such as zeaxanthin, beta-carotene, lutein and cyptoxanthin in papaya, which help to protect the mucus membranes and prevent age-related macular degeneration. 6. Ease Menstrual Pain –One more good reason for women to eat papaya is to ease your menstrual pain. It’s not the best remedy for menstrual cramps, but it can ease the pain and make you feel better . An enzyme called papain helps in regulating and easing flow during menstrual periods. Fruits Prev Next People Also Read This Is What Will Happen When You Eat Avocados Every Day 33 Photos So Painfully Awkward You Can Actually Feel It 3 Foods That Are Eating Your Bones & Increasing Joint Pain! Don't Use Botox, Use This Instead: Granny Reveals $39 Method Diabetes Breakthrough that Will Leave Companies Bankrupt Tired Of Your Small Room? 10 Ways to Use It Productively 9 Worst Tourist Photos That Will Make You Laugh The Wedding Photographer Saw More Than He Expected 17 Epic Perfectly Timed Photos You Can't Miss Many People Are Making $70/Hour Using Their Phone Nearly Naked: Top 11 Celeb Photos of 2015 14 Hot Celebrities Who Got Fat ? MOST READED Say NO – To SLEEPING PILL – Boil Bananas and drink the liquid – SEE WHAT WILL HAPPEN! SHOCKING NEWS: Ovarian, Lung, Liver, Melanoma – POSSIBLE CURE FOUND! [ Only 1 Plant ] How to cure RHEUMATISM AND ARTHRITIS with 1 INGREDIENT SOLUTION! DITCH Your Glasses – This will improve your SIGHT QUCIK! [Recipe] Twin Babies Don’t Realize They Have Been Born – SWEET! Must See RELATED 12 Habits that can destroy your Mental Health Spiced Apple Cider Stress job = Higher risk of death Health benefits of virgin coconut oil Benefits from Mango

Blueprint Newspaper advert rate

THE RATING OF THE ADVERT RATES IS AS PER ATTACHED

Our dear mentor and guide

Alh Dr Umar Mutallab

The masses

Riches_and_famous feudalism

Pfizer Trovan clips

A gentleman's agreement is honored by only the gentlemen

PFIZER'S LAB RATS ISSUE,, CHIEF ANTHONY IDIGBE, A PREDATOR AND INNOCENT ANTS

25th May, 2016

PFIZER'S LAB RATS AND ABANDONED GUINEA PIGS: AN APPEAL TO CHIEF ANTHONY IDIGBE AND THE  WORLD LEADERS

As concerned citizens we felt it is very pertinent to take this important lingering case to the World leaders for their attention and appropriate actions on ways to end the two decades saga.
Thank God the victims forum itself , some times a go write a special request to PRESIDENT BARRACK  OBAMA, THE EXECUTIVE PRESIDENT OF UNITED STATE OF AMERICA (USA), they appealed to the international leader to help intervene bring an end to the issue.
President Barrack Obama and his wife, MICHAEL OBAMA are child caring world leaders whom we know can not ignore an issue that turns children to lab rats and an issue that violated international laws.
Other world leaders that need to know this case are President of the great Britain , Mr David Cameron, Her Royal Majesty, the Queen of England, Queen Elizabeth as Pfizer's strong hold is in London.
At the home front, our leaders that need to know and intervene include the dodged fighter of corruption and the President of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, Malam MUHAMMADU BUHARI, GCFR , Emir of Kano Malam Muhammadu Sanusi II,CFR , the Kano State Executive Governor, Dr Abdullahi Umar Ganduje,  Galadiman Kano, Alhaji Abbas Sanusi, Wamban Kano, Alhaji Aminu Ado Bayero and other important personalities at the State level.

At the national level, we are all fully aware of the honest and candid efforts of the former governor of Lagos State Asiwaju Bola Tinubu, Jagaban NIgeria when in 2003 he compiled a detailed report in favour of the 1996  Kano Trovan Victims and submit to the then President Federal Republic of Nigeria Chief Olusegun Aremu Obasanjo for quick action to end the debacle.
The appeal also goes to the Senate President, Dr Bukola Saraki, Speaker of the House of Representatives , Mr Yakubu Dogara, Speaker of Kwara State House of Assembly Dr Ali Ahmed and other sympathetic Nigerians.

All the Nigerian Newspapers and the press at the international level have tried in this struggle only that, some top personalities were fully involved, at one level or the other in the 1996 Pfizer Trovan Trial compensation issue but couldn't came out with final solution as a result of  some advantages and privileges or other vital reasons.

It is on record that the following were involved in the Pfizer Trovan Victims troubles: Former President of the United State of America (USA), former President, Federal Republic of Nigeria Mr Yakubu Gown, the then Mr Yemi Osinbajo, late Emirs, former Governor Ibrahim Shekarau, former Kano State Commissioner of Justice ,Malam Aliyu Umar,SAN , Justice Abubakar Bashir Wali, Maryam Uwais, Ibrahim Haruna, Mu'uta Ibrahim, Ahmed Aminu, Amina Kiru, Abdulkarim Hassan, Chief Anthony Edgbe, Mr Odio, Umar Faruk Ibrahim, Dr Musa Borodo, Dr Abdulhamid Isa  Dutse, Dr Sanda Mohammed .

SINGED

Concerned Citizens for the Trovan Victims

Pfizer hunting for human bodies using Nigerian leaders as guide and fronts

Pfizer: Human hunters using cronies http://pfizertrovandrugvictimsdiarykano.blogspot.com/2010/11/pfizer-human-hunters-using-cronies.html

THE BABOON AND THE MONKEY STORY II

PFIZER VICTIMS ABANDONED http://pfizertrovandrugvictimsdiarykano.blogspot.com/2010/11/pfizer-victims-abandoned.html

NIGERIAN LEADERS, A HEAD OF STATE, A JUDGE ETC MENTIONED IN A USE & DUMP GAME AFTER THE MONKEY STORY

PFIZER : VICTIMS ABANDONED http://pfizertrovandrugvictimsdiarykano.blogspot.com/2010/11/pfizer-victims-abandoned_29.html

Even though former Lagos State Commissioner of Justice is aware

PFIZER : VICTIMS ABANDONED http://pfizertrovandrugvictimsdiarykano.blogspot.com/2010/11/pfizer-victims-abandoned_29.html

PFIZER'S SECRET DEALS CONTINUES UP TILL NOW

Pfizer’s secret deal http://pfizertrovandrugvictimsdiarykano.blogspot.com/2010/11/pfizers-secret-deal.html

Pfizer: A Satanic Drug Lord

Trovan issue remained mired in controversy http://pfizertrovandrugvictimsdiarykano.blogspot.com/2011/01/trovan-issue-remained-mired-in.html

PFIZER TROVAN: THE MOST SATANIC POISONOUS & DEADLY DRUG LORDS LEADER

Pfizer; the most satanic world drug lords leader http://pfizertrovandrugvictimsdiarykano.blogspot.com/2016/05/pfizer-most-satanic-word-drug-lords.html

Pfizer; the most satanic word drug lords leader

Satanic Drug Lords: pharmaceuticals are the most profitable sector in the world http://pfizertrovandrugvictimsdiarykano.blogspot.com/2011/01/satanic-drug-lords-pharmaceuticals-are.html

PFIZER TROVAN: A MYSTERIOUS INTRAVENOUS INFECTIOUS INJECTION

http://www.drugs.com/pro/trovan.html

TROVAN,Pfizer's Deadly Drug

Skip to Content Menu Close Account Drugs A-Z Pill Identifier Interactions Checker News Q & A Pro Edition Apps More Videos Slideshows Mobile Apps Pricing & Coupon Guide Trovan Side Effects Generic Name: trovafloxacin Side Effects Dosage Interactions Professional More Note: This page contains side effects data for the generic drug trovafloxacin. It is possible that some of the dosage forms included below may not apply to the brand name Trovan. For the Consumer Applies to trovafloxacin: oral tablet As well as its needed effects, trovafloxacin (the active ingredient contained in Trovan) may cause unwanted side effects that require medical attention. Severity: Moderate If any of the following side effects occur while taking trovafloxacin, check with your doctor or nurse as soon as possible: Rare: Note: Some of the above side effects may also occur up to several weeks after you Stop taking trovafloxacin. Abdominal or stomach cramps and pain (severe) abdominal tenderness agitation confusion dark urine diarrhea (watery and severe, which may also be bloody) difficulty in breathing or swallowing fever hallucinations (seeing, hearing, or feeling things that are not there) loss of appetite nausea or vomiting pain at place of injection pain in calves that spreads to heels rapid heartbeat shakiness or tremors shortness of breath skin rash, itching, or redness swelling of calves or lower legs swelling of face, throat, or tongue unusual tiredness or weakness yellow eyes or skin Severity: Minor Some trovafloxacin side effects may not need any medical attention. As your body gets used to the medicine these side effects may disappear. Your health care professional may be able to help you prevent or reduce these side effects, but do check with them if any of the following side effects continue, or if you are concerned about them: More common: Diarrhea (mild) dizziness or lightheadedness headache vaginal pain and discharge Less common or rare: Increased sensitivity of skin to sunlight For Healthcare Professionals Applies to trovafloxacin: intravenous solution, oral tablet General In clinical trials, 90% of side effects were reported as mild or moderate. Therapy was discontinued due to side effects in 5% of patients, including dizziness (2.4%), nausea (1.9%), headache (1.1%), vomiting (1%).[Ref] Hepatic Liver enzyme abnormalities and/or symptomatic hepatitis have occurred during short-term or long-term therapy. Liver enzyme abnormalities were primarily observed in patients receiving extended courses of therapy (longer than 21 days).[Ref] Hepatic side effects have included 5 deaths from liver toxicity and 4 patients requiring liver transplantation (one of which died) out of 140 cases of liver toxicity reported since the approval of trovafloxacin in February 1998. Symptomatic hepatitis (sometimes associated with peripheral eosinophilia, liver failure (including acute hepatic necrosis with eosinophilic infiltration) have been reported. Increased liver enzymes, abnormal hepatic function, bilirubinemia, discolored feces, and jaundice have been reported in less than 1% of patients. Increased ALT, AST, and alkaline phosphatase have been reported in 1% or more of patients.[Ref] Nervous system Nervous system side effects have included dizziness (2% to 11%), headache (1% to 5%), and lightheadedness (<1% to 4%). Abnormal coordination, abnormal gait, ataxia, cold clammy skin, confusion, convulsions, dry mouth, dyskinesia, dysphonia, encephalopathy, flushing, hyperkinesia, hypertonia, hypoesthesia, hypokinesia, increased saliva, increased sweating, involuntary muscle contractions, migraine, paresthesia, speech disorder, tongue paralysis, tremor, and vertigo have been reported in less than 1% of patients. Peripheral neuropathy has also been reported. Quinolone class antibiotics have been associated with possible exacerbation of myasthenia gravis.[Ref] A case of alatrofloxacin related seizure activity has been reported in the medical literature. The patient was given alatrofloxacin at the manufacturer's recommended dosage, concentration, and rate of infusion. Fifteen minutes into the infusion, the patient experienced generalized tonic movement of the upper torso which lasted 10 seconds. A rechallenge was performed, this time at a rate twice as slow as the initial dose. The patient experienced jaw and arm twitching, and alatrofloxacin was discontinued. The authors determined that the causal relationship between the drug and the event qualified as probable based on the Naranjo adverse event scoring method. Dizziness or lightheadedness may last for several hours after a dose; however, is generally mild. It may resolve with continued therapy. 3.1% and 0.6% of patients over 65 years, respectively, reported dizziness and lightheadedness.[Ref] Gastrointestinal Gastrointestinal side effects have included nausea (4% to 8%), vomiting (1% to 3%), diarrhea (2%), and abdominal pain (1%). Other gastrointestinal effects including altered bowel habit, altered saliva, cheilitis, constipation, Clostridium difficile diarrhea, dyspepsia, dysphagia, eructation, flatulence, gastritis, gastroenteritis, gastrointestinal disorder, gingivitis,halitosis, increased appetite, loose stools, melena, pseudomembranous colitis, rectal disorder, stomatitis, tongue disorder, and tongue edema have been reported in less than 1% of treated patients. Pancreatitis has been reported during postmarketing experience. Quinolone class antibiotics have been associated with intestinal perforation.[Ref] Dermatologic Dermatologic side effects have most commonly included pruritus and rash in <1% to 2% of patients. Pruritus ani, skin disorder, skin ulceration, angioedema, dermatitis, fungal dermatitis, photosensitivity, seborrhea, skin exfoliation, and urticaria have been reported in less than 1% of patients. Quinolone class antibiotics have been associated with erythema nodosum.[Ref] Hypersensitivity Hypersensitivity reactions have included rash, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, photosensitivity, urticaria, exfoliative dermatitis, toxic epidermal necrolysis, angioedema, and anaphylaxis in less than 1% of patients. Phototoxicity was reported in less than 0.03% of study patients.[Ref] Genitourinary Genitourinary side effects have included vaginitis (<1% to 2%), leukorrhea (<1%), and menstrual disorder (<1%) in females; balanoposthitis (<1%) in males. Dysuria, micturition frequency, and urinary incontinence have been reported in less than 1% of patients. Quinolone class antibiotics have been associated with albuminuria, candiduria, crystalluria, cylindruria, hematuria, and vaginal candidiasis.[Ref] Cardiovascular Cardiovascular side effects have included arrhythmias, peripheral edema, chest pain, thrombophlebitis, hypotension, palpitations, hypertension, angina pectoris, postural hypotension, syncope, tachycardia, bradycardia, peripheral ischemia, edema, and face edema in less than 1% of treated patients.[Ref] Hematologic Hematologic side effects have included anemia, granulocytopenia, hemorrhage, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, thrombocythemia, and decreased prothrombin times in less than 1% of patients. Decreased hemoglobin and hematocrit, increased platelets, decreased and increased WBC, and eosinophilia have been reported in 1% or more of patients, although causality was not determined. Agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia, and pancytopenia have been reported during postmarketing experience. Quinolone class antibiotics have been associated with prothrombin time prolongation.[Ref] Metabolic Metabolic side effects have included hyperglycemia, thirst, hyperglycemia, weight loss, and weight gain in less than 1% of patients. Decreased serum protein, albumin, sodium, and bicarbonate have been reported in 1% or more of patients, although causality was not determined. Quinolone class antibiotics have been associated with acidosis, symptomatic hypoglycemia, and elevations in serum triglycerides, serum cholesterol, blood glucose, and serum potassium.[Ref] Musculoskeletal Musculoskeletal side effects including arthralgias, muscle cramps, myalgias, muscle weakness, skeletal pain, tendonitis, and arthropathy have been reported in less than 1% of patients. Quinolone class antibiotics have been associated with tendon rupture.[Ref] Respiratory Respiratory side effects have included dyspnea, rhinitis, sinusitis, bronchospasm, asthma, increased cough, epistaxis, respiratory insufficiency, upper respiratory tract infection, respiratory disorder, hemoptysis, hypoxia, and stridor in less than 1% of patients. Quinolone class antibiotics have been associated with hiccough.[Ref] Ocular Ocular side effects including conjunctivitis, photophobia, conjunctival hemorrhage, diplopia, eye pain, abnormal vision, scotoma, visual field defect, periorbital edema, and xerophthalmia have been reported in less than 1% of patients. Quinolone class antibiotics have been associated with nystagmus.[Ref] Psychiatric Psychiatric side effects associated with the use of trovafloxacin (the active ingredient contained in Trovan) are rarely reported (less than 1% of patients) and have included anxiety, anorexia, agitation, nervousness, somnolence, insomnia, depression, amnesia, impaired concentration, depersonalization, abnormal dreaming, emotional lability, euphoria, hallucination, impotence, decreased male libido, paroniria, and abnormal thinking. Quinolone class antibiotics have been associated with manic reactions.[Ref] Local Local intravenous site side effects have included inflammation, pain, and edema in up to 5% of patients.[Ref] Renal Renal side effects have included increased BUN and creatinine in 1% or more of patients, and interstitial nephritis, acute renal failure, and abnormal renal function in less than 1% of patients. Quinolone class antibiotics have been associated with renal calculi.[Ref] Other Other side effects have included fever, fatigue, pain, asthenia, moniliasis, hot flushes, back pain, chills, infection, malaise, sepsis, alcohol intolerance, taste perversion, hyperacusis, and tinnitus in less than 1% of patients.[Ref] References 1. "Product Information. Trovan (trovafloxacin)." Pfizer US Pharmaceuticals, New York, NY. 2. Chen HJ, Bloch KJ, Maclean JA "Acute eosinophilic hepatitis from trovafloxacin." N Engl J Med 342 (2000): 359-60 3. FDA "FDA issues public health advisory on liver toxicity associated with the antibiotic Trovan. FDA Talk Paper Available from: URL: http://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/ANSWERS/ANS00958.html." ([1999 Jun 9]): 4. Lucena MI, Andrade RJ, Rodrigo L, Salmeron J, Alvarez A, LopezGarrido MJ, Camargo R, Alcantara R "Trovafloxacin-induced acute hepatitis." Clin Infect Dis 30 (2000): 400-1 5. Overholser BR, Kays MB, Forrest A, Sowinski KM "Sex-related differences in the pharmacokinetics of oral ciprofloxacin." J Clin Pharmacol 44 (2004): 1012-22 6. Cohen JS "Peripheral neuropathy associated with fluoroquinolones." Ann Pharmacother 35 (2001): 1540-7 7. Ernst ME, Ernst EJ, Klepser ME "Levofloxacin and trovafloxacin: the next generation of fluoroquinolones?" Am J Health Syst Pharm 54 (1997): 2569-84 8. Jones RB, Schwebke J, Thorpe EM Jr, Dalu ZA, Leone P, Johnson RB "Randomized trial of trovafloxacin and ofloxacin for single-dose therapy of gonorrhea. Trovafloxacin Gonorrhea Study Group." Am J Med 104 (1998): 28-32 9. Menzies D, Klein NC, Cunha BA "Trovafloxacin neurotoxicity." Am J Med 107 (1999): 298-9 10. Williams D, Hopkins S "Safety of trovafloxacin in treatment of lower respiratory tract infections." Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 17 (1998): 454-8 11. Haria M, Lamb HM "Trovafloxacin." Drugs 54 (1997): 435-45;disc. 446 12. Wise R, Mortiboy D, Child J, Andrews JM "Pharmacokinetics and penetration into inflammatory fluid of trovafloxacin (CP-99,219)." Antimicrob Agents Chemother 40 (1996): 47-9 13. Melvani S, Speed BR "Alatrofloxacin-induced seizures during slow intravenous infusion." Ann Pharmacother 34 (2000): 1017-9 14. Murray CK, Wortmann GW "Trovafloxacin-induced weakness due to a demyelinating polyneuropathy." South Med J 93 (2000): 514-5 15. "Trovafloxacin." Med Lett Drugs Ther 40 (1998): 30-1 16. Teng R, Harris SC, Nix DE, Schentag JJ, Foulds G, Liston TE "Pharmacokinetics and safety of trovafloxacin (CP-99,219), a new quinolone antibiotic, following administration of single oral dose to healthy male volunteers." J Antimicrob Chemother 36 (1995): 385-94 17. Matthews MR, Caruso DM, Phillips BJ, Csontos LG "Fulminant toxic epidermal necrolysis induced by trovafloxacin." Arch Intern Med 159 (1999): 2225 18. Mitropoulos FA, Angood PB, Rabinovici R "Trovafloxacin-associated leukopenia." Ann Pharmacother 35 (2001): 41-4 19. Goel K, Menzies D, Cunha BA "Elevated international normalized ratio associated with trovafloxacin." Ann Intern Med 131 (1999): 72 20. Gales BJ, Sulak LB "Severe thrombocytopenia associated with alatrofloxacin." Ann Pharmacother 34 (2000): 330-4 21. Vincent J, Venitz J, Teng R, Baris BA, Willavize SA, Polzer RJ, Friedman HL "Pharmacokinetics and safety of trovafloxacin in healthy male volunteers following administration of single intravenous doses o the prodrug, alatrofloxacin." J Antimicrob Chemother 39 Suppl B (1997): 75-80 It is possible that some side effects of Trovan may not have been reported. These can be reported to the FDA here. Always consult a healthcare professional for medical advice. Next → Dosage More about Trovan (trovafloxacin) Side Effects During Pregnancy or Breastfeeding Dosage Information Drug Images Drug Interactions Support Group 0 Reviews - Add your own review/rating Professional resources Trovan (FDA) Related treatment guides Bacterial Infection Intraabdominal Infection Nosocomial Pneumonia Pelvic Infections Pneumonia More (1) » Disclaimer: Every effort has been made to ensure that the information provided is accurate, up-to-date and complete, but no guarantee is made to that effect. The information is not a substitute for the knowledge and judgement of a healthcare professional. Always consult with your doctor, nurse, or pharmacist before taking medication. Was this page helpful? YesNo Drugs.com Mobile Apps The easiest way to lookup drug information, identify pills, check interactions and set up your own personal medication records. Available for Android and iOS devices. Explore Apps SUPPORT Help Center Frequent Questions Sitemap Contact Us ABOUT About Drugs.com Advertising Policy Content Submissions Drugs.com Blog TERMS & PRIVACY Editorial Policy Privacy Policy Terms of Use Attribution & Citations CONNECT Subscribe to receive email notifications whenever new articles are published. Drugs.com provides accurate and independent information on more than 24,000 prescription drugs, over-the-counter medicines and natural products. This material is provided for educational purposes only and is not intended for medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Data sources include Micromedex® (updated May 3rd, 2016), Cerner Multum™ (updated May 2nd, 2016), Wolters Kluwer™ (updated May 2nd, 2016) and others. To view content sources and attributions, please refer to our editorial policy. We comply with the HONcode standard for trustworthy health information - verify here Copyright © 2000-2016 Drugs.com. All rights reserved.